All languages β€Ί Korean β€Ί Lesson 10

Two number systems on one clock

Hours in pure Korean, minutes in Sino-Korean.

Korean has two parallel number systems and the clock uses both at once: pure Korean numbers for the hour, and Sino-Korean numbers for the minute. To ask the time, say μ§€κΈˆ λͺ‡ μ‹œμ˜ˆμš”? ('what time is it now?'). To answer 3:15, say μ„Έ μ‹œ μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„μ΄μ—μš” β€” literally 'three hour fifteen minute'.

Pure-Korean numbers for the hour

Hours 1–12 use native Korean numerals, and four of them shorten before μ‹œ ('o'clock'): 1 = ν•˜λ‚˜ β†’ ν•œ μ‹œ, 2 = λ‘˜ β†’ 두 μ‹œ, 3 = μ…‹ β†’ μ„Έ μ‹œ, 4 = λ„· β†’ λ„€ μ‹œ. The rest are regular: λ‹€μ„― μ‹œ (5), μ—¬μ„― μ‹œ (6), 일곱 μ‹œ (7), μ—¬λŸ μ‹œ (8), 아홉 μ‹œ (9), μ—΄ μ‹œ (10), μ—΄ν•œ μ‹œ (11), 열두 μ‹œ (12). Note the space before μ‹œ.

Sino-Korean numbers for the minute

Minutes use the Sino-Korean system, the same one used for prices, dates, and phone numbers: 일 (1), 이 (2), μ‚Ό (3), 사 (4), 였 (5), 윑 (6), μΉ  (7), νŒ” (8), ꡬ (9), μ‹­ (10). Larger numbers stack: μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„ (15 min), μ‚Όμ‹­ λΆ„ (30 min), μ‚¬μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„ (45 min). The word for 'minute' is λΆ„.

AM and PM go in front

Korean puts the AM/PM marker before the hour, not after: μ˜€μ „ = AM (literally 'before noon'), μ˜€ν›„ = PM (literally 'after noon'). 9 AM is μ˜€μ „ 아홉 μ‹œ. 7 PM is μ˜€ν›„ 일곱 μ‹œ. There's no separate word like 'noon' on the clock β€” just μ˜€ν›„ 열두 μ‹œ, or simply μ •μ˜€ (noon) and μžμ • (midnight) for the precise points.

Half past and 'before'

Half past is just 반 ('half'): μ„Έ μ‹œ 반 = 3:30. To say 'before' the next hour (5 to 4), use μ „: λ„€ μ‹œ 였 λΆ„ μ „ = 'four o'clock five minutes before' = 3:55. But it's more common in casual Korean to just say μ„Έ μ‹œ μ˜€μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„ (3:55).

Asking and answering

μ§€κΈˆ λͺ‡ μ‹œμ˜ˆμš”? = 'What time is it now?' (λͺ‡ = 'how many', μ‹œ = 'hour', μ˜ˆμš” = polite copula). Reply: [hour] μ‹œ [minute] λΆ„μ΄μ—μš” β€” '...minute is'. If it's exactly on the hour, drop the minutes: 두 μ‹œμ˜ˆμš” = 'It's two o'clock.'

Examples

ν•œ μ‹œ
1:00
ν•˜λ‚˜ shortens to ν•œ before μ‹œ.
두 μ‹œ λ°˜μ΄μ—μš”.
It's 2:30.
λ‘˜ β†’ 두; 반 = half.
μ˜€μ „ 아홉 μ‹œ μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„
9:15 AM
μ˜€μ „ in front; μ‹­μ˜€ λΆ„ = 15 min.
μ˜€ν›„ 일곱 μ‹œμ˜ˆμš”.
It's 7 PM.
μ˜€ν›„ = PM.
μ§€κΈˆ λͺ‡ μ‹œμ˜ˆμš”?
What time is it now?
λͺ‡ + μ‹œ + μ˜ˆμš”?

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