Conceding without giving in
〜ても is the て-form's bigger cousin: 'even if X / even though X, still ~'. Verbs go to て-form and add も: 食べる → 食べて → 食べても ('even if (I) eat'). i-adjectives swap 〜い for 〜くても: 高い → 高くても. na-adjectives and nouns take 〜でも: しずか でも, 学生 でも. Whichever flavor, the meaning is the same: the second clause is true in spite of the first. Pair it with a question word and you get sweeping generalizations: だれ でも ('anyone'), どこ でも ('anywhere'), いつ でも ('anytime'), 何 でも ('anything'). And in casual speech, you'll hear 〜たって / 〜だって in place of 〜ても / 〜でも — same meaning, friends-only register.
Verb 〜ても — 'even if (I) V'
Take the て-form and tack on も. 食べる → 食べて → 食べても. 行く → 行って → 行っても. する → して → しても. 来る → 来て → 来ても. 雨 が ふっても、行きます。 = 'Even if it rains, I'll go.' いくら 食べても、ふとり ません。 = 'No matter how much I eat, I don't gain weight.' 〜ても doesn't care whether the X clause is hypothetical ('even IF') or factual ('even THOUGH') — context decides which English translation fits. がんばっても、できません でした。 = 'Even though I tried hard, I couldn't do it.' Negative is 〜なくても: 食べなくても、げんき です。 = 'Even if I don't eat, I'm fine.' (て-form of 食べない is 食べなくて, then + も.)
i-adj / na-adj / noun + 〜ても / 〜でも
i-adjectives use the 〜くても form: 高い → 高くても ('even if (it's) expensive'); おいしくても、食べません。 = 'Even if it's tasty, I won't eat it.' Irregular いい → よくても. na-adjectives and nouns just add でも (think of it as だ + 〜ても, contracted): しずか でも、ねむれません。 = 'Even if it's quiet, I can't sleep.' 学生 でも、はらわなければ なりません。 = 'Even if you're a student, you have to pay.' 雨 でも、行きます。 = 'Even if it's rainy, I'll go.' Don't say しずか だ ても — it's しずか でも (one word, no だ).
Question word + でも — 'any-' (anyone, anywhere, anytime)
Stick でも onto a question word and you get a sweeping 'any~' meaning: だれ でも = 'anyone / everyone'; どこ でも = 'anywhere'; いつ でも = 'anytime'; 何 でも = 'anything'; どれ でも = 'whichever one'; どっち でも = 'either one'. だれ でも 入れます。 = 'Anyone can come in.' 何 でも 食べます。 = 'I eat anything.' いつ でも 来て ください。 = 'Come anytime.' Compare to か + question word, which means 'some-': だれ か = 'someone', 何 か = 'something'. And も + negative = 'no-': だれ も いません = 'there's nobody'. So one trio: か = some, でも = any (positive), も + neg = no.
〜ても vs 〜たら / 〜ば — concession vs condition
〜たら and 〜ば are 'IF X, then Y' — the second clause depends on the first. 〜ても is the opposite: 'even if X, Y anyway'. Compare: 雨 が ふったら、行きません。 = 'If it rains, I won't go.' (rain prevents going). 雨 が ふっても、行きます。 = 'Even if it rains, I'll go.' (rain doesn't prevent going). The shape is similar — past-tense た + ら vs て-form + も — but the logic is reversed. If you can paraphrase as 'X cancels Y', use 〜たら / 〜ば. If you can paraphrase as 'X tries to cancel Y but fails', use 〜ても.
Casual contraction 〜たって / 〜だって
In friends-and-family speech you'll hear 〜たって in place of 〜ても, and 〜だって in place of 〜でも. The meaning is identical; the register is colloquial — closer to English 'even if' said with a shrug. 雨 が ふったって、行く よ。 = 'Even if it rains, I'm going.' (vs the more neutral ふっても). 高くたって、買う！ = 'Even if it's expensive, I'm buying it!' (vs 高くても). しずか だって、ねむれない。 = 'Even if it's quiet, I can't sleep.' (vs しずか でも). The contraction comes from 〜た + って (where って is a casual quoting / topic-marker particle); don't try to derive it morphologically every time — just recognize it. Avoid in formal writing or polite speech: stick to 〜ても / 〜でも with strangers and at work.
〜ても いい — permission ('even if I ~ is OK')
A bonus pattern you've already met in passing: 〜ても いい です = 'It's OK to ~ / you may ~'. Literally 'even if you do X, it's good'. 入っても いい です か。 = 'May I come in?' / 'Is it OK if I enter?' 食べても いい です よ。 = 'You can eat (it).' Negative permission is 〜なくても いい = 'you don't have to ~' (literally 'even if you don't, it's fine'): 来なくても いい です。 = 'You don't have to come.' This is the same 〜ても machine — concession + positive evaluation.
