All languagesBrazilian Portuguese › Lesson 34

O infinitivo pessoal

The personal infinitive — uniquely Portuguese, and once you have it, you'll use it everywhere.

Portuguese has a verb form no other big Romance language kept: an infinitive that carries a person. You build it by hanging endings on the whole infinitive — nothing for eu, nothing for você and ele, -mos for nós, -em for vocês and eles: falar, falarmos, falarem. Its job is subordinate clauses whose subject isn't the same as the main clause's, and it saves you an entire que + subjuntivo construction. É melhor vocês saírem agora. Para chegarmos a tempo, nós temos que sair já. Best part: there are no irregulars. ser gives sermos and serem; ter gives termos and terem; ir gives irmos and irem. Learn the two endings that matter in Brazil and you own the whole form.

Formation — endings on the infinitive

Take the infinitive whole — don't cut anything off — and add the person. eu: nothing. você / ele / ela: nothing. nós: -mos. vocês / eles / elas: -em. So falar gives falar, falar, falarmos, falarem; comer gives comer, comer, comermos, comerem; partir gives partir, partir, partirmos, partirem. Older books print two more rows, -es for tu and -des for vós — falares, falardes. Neither belongs to Brazilian usage; recognize falares when you meet it in a poem or in a text from Portugal, and move on. Now the good news: this form has no irregulars at all, not even in the verbs that wreck every other paradigm. ser gives sermos, serem. ter gives termos, terem. ir gives irmos, irem. fazer gives fazermos, fazerem. pôr gives pormos, porem. And with reflexive verbs the pronoun simply stays in front, where Brazilian pronouns live: antes de nos levantarmos, para a gente se levantar cedo. The hyphenated gymnastics you may see in European texts (levantarmo-nos) never come up here.

When the subject differs — the main use

The moment a subordinate clause has a different subject from the main clause, the personal infinitive lets you mark that subject without opening a que clause. É melhor eu sair agora. É melhor você sair agora. É melhor nós sairmos agora. É melhor vocês saírem agora. Two of those four look exactly like the plain dictionary infinitive, which is why Brazilians almost always spell the subject out: É difícil ele admitir o erro. Foi bom você chegar cedo. The subject pronoun sitting right in front of the infinitive is the tell — it's what turns an impersonal infinitive into a personal one. Compare the que + subjuntivo twin, which is correct and simply heavier: É melhor que você saia agora. And one fixed structure you'll read constantly: o fato de + personal infinitive, which turns a whole clause into a noun — o fato de ela ter chegado tarde atrapalhou a reunião = the fact that she arrived late messed up the meeting. Note the Brazilian spelling: fato, no c.

After prepositions — para, sem, antes de, depois de, até

Prepositions are the natural home of this form, because a preposition can't be followed by a conjugated verb. Para chegarmos a tempo, temos que sair agora. Sem ele saber, a gente organizou uma festa. Antes de vocês saírem, me avisem. Depois de eles chegarem, a gente janta. Até todos saírem, eu espero. When the subject is the SAME as the main clause, drop back to the plain infinitive: Para chegar a tempo, eu preciso sair agora. The contrast between para chegar and para chegarmos is doing real work — it tells your listener whose arrival you mean. Now the mistake every Brazilian schoolteacher hunts down: after para, the subject is a subject pronoun, so it's para eu fazer, para eu ver, para eu ler — never para mim fazer. mim is an object, and it only shows up when nothing follows it: Isso é para mim. Say Ele trouxe o livro para eu ler and you're already ahead of a lot of native speakers.

After impersonal expressions — é + adjective + infinitivo

é melhor, é bom, é importante, é preciso, é natural, é difícil, é fácil, é possível — this frame is everywhere, and it takes an infinitive. With nobody in particular in mind, use the plain one: É bom estudar todo dia. The moment you want to say WHO, switch to the personal infinitive: É bom estudarmos todo dia = it's good for us to study every day. É importante vocês chegarem cedo. É difícil ele admitir o erro. É natural a gente se sentir cansado depois de uma semana dessas. Notice that last one: a gente is grammatically singular, so it takes the bare form, not -mos. The subjuntivo twin — É importante que vocês cheguem cedo — is equally correct, and in Brazilian speech you'll hear it just as often. Both are good Portuguese; the infinitive is the shorter road.

Personal infinitive vs. subjuntivo — the choice

Plenty of sentences accept either. Four rules of thumb to tip the scales. (1) Prefer the infinitive when the construction is short and the subject is right there: É melhor vocês saírem beats É melhor que vocês saiam. (2) Go with the subjuntivo when the main verb is about wanting, hoping, doubting or feeling — the infinitive can't carry that: Quero que você venha (never quero você vir), Espero que você esteja bem, Duvido que ele venha. (3) After a preposition the infinitive is nearly always smoother: antes de vocês saírem over antes que vocês saiam. (4) o fato de plus personal infinitive is fixed: o fato de vocês terem mentido. And after pedir, mandar, deixar and fazer, Brazil reaches for an infinitive with the subject in front: Pedi para eles chegarem cedo, Deixa eu ver, Mandou a gente esperar lá fora. (Portugal calls this mood conjuntivo; it's the same mood, different name.)

Compound personal infinitive — ter + part.

Like every other Portuguese tense, this one has a compound form for actions already finished: ter in the personal infinitive plus a past participle. The drill is short — ter falado, termos falado, terem falado. Por termos chegado tarde, a gente perdeu o ônibus = because we arrived late, we missed the bus. Apesar de termos estudado, não passamos = despite having studied, we didn't pass. Lamento o fato de vocês terem mentido = I regret that you lied. The compound form places its action BEFORE the main verb's moment, exactly like English 'having done'. This is the shape that makes formal Brazilian writing — newspaper columns, reports, cover letters — sound like formal Brazilian writing, and it's worth practicing out loud until termos and terem come out without a pause.

Brazilian register — same form, slightly less reach

The personal infinitive is fully alive in Brazil: it's in every newspaper, every contract, and in careful speech all day long. Two things narrow its territory compared to Portugal. First, a gente has largely taken over from nós in conversation, and a gente is singular — so where a Portuguese speaker says para chegarmos cedo, a Brazilian may just as easily say para a gente chegar cedo, with no ending at all. Second, casual speech often prefers a full clause: para que a gente chegue cedo, or simply pra gente chegar cedo. None of that makes the form rare — it just means the -mos row shows up more in writing than in bar conversation. Where it stays absolutely standard and very frequent, in every register: after para, sem, antes de, depois de, apesar de, até, and in the é melhor / é importante frame. Use it actively there and your Portuguese takes a visible step up.

Examples

É melhor vocês saírem agora.
It's better for you all to leave now.
saírem = sair + -em. The ending carries the subject; the accent keeps the stress on the í.
Para chegarmos a tempo, temos que sair já.
For us to arrive on time, we have to leave right now.
chegarmos = chegar + -mos. With a gente it would be para a gente chegar.
Antes de vocês saírem, me avisem.
Before you leave, let me know.
After antes de, a personal infinitive. And the pronoun goes in front: me avisem.
É importante eles chegarem cedo.
It's important for them to arrive early.
é importante plus a personal infinitive: chegarem. Twin with subjuntivo: É importante que eles cheguem cedo.
Sem ele saber, a gente organizou uma festa surpresa.
Without him knowing, we organized a surprise party.
After sem, the bare form — the pronoun ele is what marks the subject.
Ele trouxe o livro para eu ler.
He brought the book for me to read.
para eu ler, with the subject pronoun. Para mim ler is the classic slip; mim never takes a verb.
O fato de vocês terem mentido me magoou.
The fact that you lied hurt me.
Compound form: terem + mentido. Brazilian spelling is fato, and me magoou puts the pronoun in front.
Apesar de termos estudado, não passamos.
Despite having studied, we didn't pass.
apesar de + termos estudado. The preterite passamos carries no accent in Brazil.

Learn it properly — in the app

Duspik teaches real grammar with stories, exercises and an AI tutor that grades what you mean, not just the exact words.